Ethical And Legal Issues With Mergers And Acquisitions

Ethical and Legal Issues with Mergers and Acquisitions The legal and ethical issues that should be considered before merger would be composing the team after the merger, pre-selection and selection of persons, and conducting full due diligence. Merging two companies consist of a plethora of rules and regulations, such as processes that are required and what is permissible. A certain legal issues at every stage of a merger or an acquisition. Being knowledgeable as to what these legal issues are imperative to alleviate ant undo repercussions. Due diligence is an important part of the process to consider. The process of Due Diligence is acting on all of the liabilities of the new business and verifying the accuracy of the claims made by the†¦show more content†¦The seller will provide verifiable assurance in writing which is known as the warranty, which may also be required by the business’s assets, order book, employees, legal claims, audited accounts, debtors and creditors. It is also important to know that the seller can fully reimburse you in certain situations, which are called indemnity. After an acquisition or merger staff cuts or changes often take place to increase efficiency. Efficiency is a very attractive feature of an acquisition or merger, but cuts and changes may have to be made in order to achieve it. This leads to the next category â€Å"Information and consultation of employees regulations†. Although it is up to whoever is acquiring or merging with another company to give as much information to the employees as they like, you must make sure you abide by the Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations. Further, in a merger or acquisition setting, redundancies or other labour-related changes are more likely to occur and trigger the provisions contained in the Employment and Labour Relations Act 2004 governing the entitlement of employees. Under this Act, trade unions and employees must be notified even though they cannot stop a merger or an acquisition from taking place. (Mergers and Acquisitions 2015) It is imperative for the target company to review the acquirer’s representations, warranties and disclosure schedules to ensure there are no breaches of authority, capitalization, compliance with law,Show MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Whole Merger Process Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific consideration for the legal and ethical issues within the whole merger process, accompanying with suggested implementation plan for managing the prospect legal and ethical anxieties for the merger, the proposed plan clarifies establishing an ethical and healthy work environment with proposed resolution to the mentioned issues. Consideration of the ethical issues during the whole merge process. The HR management interface with complex ethical issues. The ethical dilemmas definition is whenRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of Mergers And Mergers1085 Words   |  5 PagesHostile takeovers are no longer common as they were in the 1980s. However, legal and ethical issues still surround mergers and takeovers (Thomas, 2009). This document examines and identifies legal and ethical issues which the merging parties should consider before, during and after a merger. The document will also look at measures of managing these legal and ethical issues. Pikula (1999) observes that in merging two or more entities, the management of the companies must adhere to the Sherman Anti-trustRead MoreEssay about Interclean-Envirotech Merger862 Words   |  4 PagesInterClean-EnviroTech Merger HRM 548 InterClean-EnviroTech Merger In the acquisition of EnviroTech, InterClean Inc. is looking to increase its service-based division. 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It went public in 1962Read MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1653 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven in next pages. 1. What are the ethical and legal issues in this case? There are many legal and ethical issue has been given in this case. The ethical and legal issues at Tyco International range from discrimination, accounting fraud, grand larceny. The issues involved cohesion on the part of the CEO, and the members of his team. In addition, they placed great emphasis on placing their own values ahead of what was good for the organization. Ethical Issues: Leo Dennis Kozlowski handpicked a fewRead MoreEconomic Threats : Slow Growth Global Economy1151 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy (Pfizer annual review, 2014, p. 9) Demographic Opportunities: Aging population will lead to an increased need for medication and therapies Sociocultural Opportunities: As stated by Coulter, â€Å"people are becoming more concerned with green issues, looking for ways to be more environmentally friendly (Coulter, 2013, p. 239). This is an opportunity for Pfizer to promote their carbon emission reduction and green chemistry programs. Similarly, people are becoming more concerned with CSR relatedRead MoreEthical and Regulatory Issues Facing the Telecommunications Industry1624 Words   |  7 PagesEthical and Regulatory Issues Facing the Telecommunications Industry President Clinton signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 into law in February 1996. The law modified earlier legislation, primarily the Communications Act of 1934. The legislation regulates broadcasting by over-the-air television and radio stations, cable television operators, satellite broadcasters, wireline telephone companies (local and long distance) and wireless telephone companies. The general intention of the Act wasRead MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1647 Words   |  7 Pagesin next pages. 1. What are the ethical and legal issues in this case? There are many legal and ethical issue has been given in this case. The ethical and legal issues at Tyco International range from discrimination, accounting fraud, grand larceny. The issues involved cohesion on the part of the CEO, and the members of his team. In addition, they placed great emphasis on placing their own values ahead of what was good for the organization. Ethical Issues: Leo Dennis Kozlowski handpicked aRead MoreContemporary Issues in Financial Management3088 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Contemporary Issues in Financial Management Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Contemporary financial management issues: 3 Mergers and acquisitions: 4 Leveraged buyout: 4 Hostile Takeover: 5 Global outsourcing: 5 Corporate governance: 5 Selected contemporary issue: 6 Company Background: 7 Financial strategy: 8 Impacts of acquisition on ethical issues: 9 Financial situation prior to acquisition: 10 Financial situation after the acquisition: 10 Successful management ofRead MoreAntitrust: Cartel and Federal Trade Commission1197 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy, this paper will examine the legal obstacles faced by the merger proposal between US Airways Group Inc. and American Airlines parent corporation AMR. The focus of the paper is to examine the legal hurdles posed by antitrust laws used to block the merger and then briefly explore possible ethical issues associated with allowing US Airways Group Inc. and AMR to merge. Antitrust Laws There are three core federal antitrust laws in effect today in our US legal system. They are the Sherman Act,

Educational Support In Rural Zimbabwe Education Essay Free Essays

string(77) " because instruction is non adequately demanded due to miss of service fees\." Cash Transfer system is presently a popular discourse in poorness decrease. Originally designed as an intercession scheme under dearth and exigency conditions, hard currency transportation has now been applied as a wide spectrum instrument in poorness decrease including kids ‘s public assistance. Inspired by Sens ‘ Entitlement Approach, hard currency transportation is a demand side intercession aimed at stimulating demand for services through administering hard currency to the mark population. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Support In Rural Zimbabwe Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cash transportations are a non-contributory grant such as income support, kid grants, Foster attention grants and scholarships. Focus of this paper is limited to whether such grants are conditional or non. Conditional Cash transportations have been used to advance instruction in Latin America. Disbursement of hard currency was made on status that school traveling kids in the family are enrolled or attend school or both. This attack seems to estrange instruction from other family demands and do it alone to kids. However, repressing the family factors that led to under demand for instruction by enforcing conditions might non be the best solution in bettering entree to instruction. An apprehension of how instruction can be promoted in the background of family demand forms and resource allotment determinations seems believable. The focal point is on the family for two grounds. First, Most kids live in families and families are an of import establishment in supplying kids with primary de mands. In this position, family operation ( the extent to which all it needs are met ) is of import in run intoing kids ‘s demands. Second, the demands of families are by and large linked and complementary to each other, in which instruction is one. Therefore, run intoing kids ‘s primary demands such as wellness and instruction through hard currency transportations is most likely to be sustainably achieved through a family attack. This essay reviews the literature environing the usage of hard currency transportations in advancing orphans and vulnerable kids ( OVC ) instruction, while concentrating on how rural Zimbabwe families can be instrumental in guaranting sustainable demand for instruction. Children and instruction in Zimbabwe The demand for instruction in Zimbabwe has been greatly affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic and intensifying poorness. In 2004, Catholic Relief Services estimated that about 30 % of kids were orphans[ 1 ]. AIDS related Orphan population is estimated to hold reached 1.1 million in 2010[ 2 ]. A big figure of orphans are populating in drawn-out households largely in rural countries. Bettering entree to instruction for orphans and other kids made vulnerable by poorness therefore requires a wider attack that besides caters for loss in support. The Basic Education Assistance Module ( BEAM ) revived in 2010 under the Ministry of Education Sports and Culture to supply educational subsidies towards OVC has an mean coverage of merely 7.8 % ( Mushunje and Mafico. 2010 ) . The net registration rate for primary school is approximates 90 % harmonizing to UNICEF statistics[ 3 ]. However, attending has been greatly affected by the intensifying economic crisis. With unemployment rate good above 80 % , instruction aid is needed. Cash transportation and instruction Cash transportation has been used in human development through advancing entree to wellness, nutrition and formal instruction particularly aiming vulnerable kids. Success narratives in Latin America have strengthened the thought that conditional hard currency transportation can be employed across Africa in advancing formal instruction for kids. Registration and attending were used as indexs for success. However, enrolment entirely is non sufficient in bettering instruction. Consistency in go toing school seems to be a comprehensive index for programme impact. Conditional hard currency transportation based programmes such as The Red de Proteccion Social Programme in Nicaragua resulted in an mean addition of 18 per centum points in registration and 23 per centum points in attending ( against a baseline of 70 % registration in the mark population ) between 2000 and 2003[ 4 ]. The Bolsa Familia Programme in Brazil has shown a lessening in school dropout and an addition in enrolment even though the sum of the hard currency transportation was less than that realised from child labor ( Chapman 2010 ) . The betterments in entree to instruction hold been attributed to handiness of hard currency for school fees and sometimes to worsen in child labor through increased household income. Several hard currency transportation programmes aimed at increasing the demand for instruction have besides been carried out in Africa. Kenya ‘s first stage of Cash Transfer Programme was launched in 2004 in 3 territories with each family having about USD 6.50 per month ( Bryant 2009 ) . Absenteeism declined by 16 % during the first 9 months in Kalomo territory Zambia where unconditioned hard currency transportation was implemented ( GTZ 2005 )[ 5 ]. Very few surveies have been documented about the usage of hard currency transportation in advancing instruction in Zimbabwe. However, a correlativity between an addition in income and an addition in puting instruction has been established in other hard currency transportation undertakings. The 2006 Zimbabwe Emergency Cash Transfer Pilot Programme aimed at bettering nutrient security in 3 territories of Zimbabwe indicated that some part of the money distributed was used to purchase educational equipment such as books ( Roman 2010 ) . Theoretical footing of hard currency transportations Cash transportation is fundamentally based on the Entitlement Approach ( OXFAM 2006 ) . Sen ( 1981 ) used the entitlement attack to explicate the dearth that occurred in Bengal in 1943.According to Sen ( ibid ) , people did non decease because of deficiency nutrient but ‘lacked the ability [ †¦ ] to command nutrient through the legal agencies available in the society ‘ , i.e. , entitlement failure ( ibid. :167 ) . They may besides hold failed to utilize this ability if it was present. Sen ( ibid. ) described two signifiers of entitlement failure, â€Å" pull † and â€Å" response † failures. Pull failures represents inability to demand, for illustration through pay loss in unemployment. Response failures represent inability to provide to run into demand, i.e. the inaccessibility of nutrient on the market. The hard currency transportation attack is fundamentally a demand -side intercession aimed at extenuating the pull failures. In other words, the attac k assumes that kids are out of school because instruction is non adequately demanded due to miss of service fees. You read "Educational Support In Rural Zimbabwe Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" The entitlement attack consists of three related constructs ; the gift set, entitlement function, and the entitlement set. The gift set is defined as resources owned by a individual ( legal ) both touchable and intangible for illustration land, knowledge/skill and labor power. It is these resources that either through exchange or production enables a individual to obtain other trade goods needed for endurance through agencies that are considered legal by the society in which 1 is portion of ( Osmani 1993 ) . Entitlement mapping refers to the procedure of change overing 1s gift into agencies possible to obtain trade goods packages of one ‘s pick. Therefore, laborers ‘ sale their labor to obtain rewards for purchasing trade goods while husbandmans sells their green goods to acquire hard currency for exchange with other trade goods. Social security falls within this procedure. Entitlement set ( trade good package ) , refers to the existent trade goods which people chose to hold for fulfilling their demands. The entitlement set besides includes goods and services obtained through public provisioning such as free instruction. Several advantages have been identified by pro hard currency transportation assistance coders in nutrient security ( e.g. OXFAM 2003 ) . These include reduced response clip, flexibleness and expanded picks for donees and cost effectivity in term of absence of procurance costs. Using conditional hard currency transportation in instruction seems to fall short of some of the above advantages, family picks are really limited, and costs per donee are likely to lift due to supervising costs. Even when statements point out that conditioning improves effectiveness particularly when a specific group within the family such as kids are targeted, effectivity still rest on the health professionals ‘ pick to take part or honor the conditions. The undermentioned subdivision analyse family from the entitlement attack position. Locating families within the Entitlement Approach Framework. A ‘household ‘ fundamentally consists of people populating in the same home and have common agencies for endurance. A family might non be household but assorted household composed of members from more than one household. Cash transportations are a manner of giving families capacity to demand services. Families make picks or ‘map ‘ on the services depending on their demands. The procedure of entitlement function at the family degree determines whether instruction as a ingestion good will be portion of the entitlement set, unless conditions are imposed. In a state of affairs of really limited resources under poorness conditions, demands that are considered most of import are more likely to acquire attending foremost. This suggests a additive relationship among demands. Besides needs that complement each other tend to be located closer to each other in the relationship. Therefore, a closer appraisal of overall family demand form is of import before an effort to e xcite demand for instruction. Sing the fact that a family operation is indispensable for kids ‘s public assistance, a comprehensive bundle may be necessary to do such intercession sustainable. Traditional microeconomic theoretical accounts assume that families consist of person who are a public-service corporation maximising ( Cornia and steward 1995 ) . The family make corporate determinations and income is allocated in the best manner to run into the demands of the family. A family is merely limited by the entire budget at its disposal ( Vermeulen 2002 ) . Under the public-service corporation theoretical account, even if the hard currency is disbursed to a family without any specific targeting, every member of the house is assured of a just portion from the corporate appropriation procedure. However, Individuals of course have different penchants or at least differ in precedences. When I was turning up at that place were infinite times when I would desire money to travel to a film house merely to be told that the few dollars left were for my male parents ‘ conveyance to work ( likely budgetary restraints ) , or that I would instead inquire for a new brace of school places ( precedence ) . Samuelson ( 1956 ) made an effort to explicate the inevitableness of single penchants and suggest that at least family members argue for their ain personal penchants and make a consensus to aggregate their public-service corporations. Becker ( 1974 ) unlike Samuelson, suggest the being of a benevolent family caput through which corporate public-service corporation is achieved. On the other manus, the bargaining theoretical account assumes a bargaining procedure among family members. The ultimate allotment of resources depends on the bargaining power of each person or groups within the family ( Cornia and steward 1995 ) . In this theoretical account, kids are expected to dicker for demands like school fees and other rudimentss. The above family theoretical accounts are an of import measure in understanding family ingestion forms. Concentrating on the rural Zimbabwe in a scenario of really limited resources, it is most likely that the demands ( including instruction ) would be prioritised in a superior order with the topmost needs having financess before those lower in rank. Assuming that kids will hold much dickering power particularly in an drawn-out household family might be an simplism. Demand for instruction is largely possible when it is considered a family demand and the budget license. The diminution in absenteeism rates in non-conditional hard currency transportations in Kalomo Zambia suggests that the demand for instruction might non needfully necessitate to be induced, but increased ingestion on other demands is positively correlated to ingestion on instruction. Targeting Children within the family Most kids exist in families, and have entree to basic demands such as nutrient, shelter, and instruction by virtuousness of being household members. Children who separate from a family might lose some basic demands such as shelter and nutrient. Children populating on the streets are a good illustration. Targeting kids in a manner that recognises this relationship is hence of import. This logically translate to the thought that a balance should be stuck among the viing demands within the family whether through public-service corporation maximising or dialogue. Targeting kids presents a challenge in poorness intercessions. If our position is that a family is necessary for kids ‘s endurance, we are most likely to accept that realization of kids ‘s entree to instruction is achieved when the family is working good ( i.e. affording most of its basic demands ) . On the other manus, if we hold the position that the family has failed to supply entree to basic demands for kids, we tend to estrange kids from the family and seek solutions that are limited to kids. Even if a plan is designed to references direct costs of instruction, the kids can merely go to school if the family attains some degrees of satisfaction on its other demands, for illustration, lower limit nutrient demands. It is hence of import to see the adequateness of the sum of hard currency transportation in intercessions. Beneficiaries in Kalomo District in Zambia indicated that the size of the hard currency transportations given were non plenty to run into the basic family demands ( Wietler 2007 ) , neither USD 6.50 per month transportations in Kenya might be sufficient to convey sensible alteration in a family ‘s economic status. Regularity of income is besides of import. The success of the Bolsa Familia programme is partially attributed to dependability of regular income even though the transportations where less than incomes form child labor ( Chapman 2010 ) . Other obstructions in aiming kids are deserving to see. During the choice of the mark population there are a scope of factors that might exclude/omit meriting families or kids to be donees. For illustration, deficiency of designation paperss or the clip interval between choices of donees. The choice of donees does non take topographic point every twenty-four hours for logistical grounds, while kids are invariably falling vulnerable from assorted grounds. Excessive coverage happens when people who do n’t run into the standards for inclusion benefits form an intercession. Cornea and Stewart ( 1995 ) working in the country of nutrient subsidies argued that the chance of inordinate coverage lessenings when most of the people in a population meets the standards for inclusion. Sing the figure of out of school kids populating below the poorness threshold in rural Zimbabwe, coders should non go much disquieted about mark preciseness. Otherwise the cost of supervising for conformity wi ll go expensive and lead to an addition in costs per donee. In a survey of 15 Sub Saharan states, Kakwani and Son ( 2005 ) discovered that the Pro-Poor Policy Index differences were non important in conditions of perfect aiming and cosmopolitan targeting, particularly where degrees of poorness were really high. Entree to instruction is non merely determined by the ability to run into direct costs of instruction. Other factors that need to be established through a situational analysis are of import before make up one’s minding whether hard currency transportations ( conditional or non-conditional ) provides the best solution or non. The perceptual experience held the family on instruction may play a function. For illustration, ingestion on instruction may depend on whether it is considered an investing or ingestion good ( Kakwani et. Al. 2006 ) . The impact of instruction proviso besides depends on the quality of instruction. Consequently, supply side needs attending in footings of instructor preparation, educational installations and equal equipment. Success of the Red de Proteccion Social Programme in Nicaragua is besides attributed to fillips received by instructors for each kid who attend school and half of the sum was used to secure school stuff ( Chapman 2006 ) . Decision Cash transportations primary aim is by and large to cut down poorness and exposure and besides to increase affordability of trade goods. This nonsubjective can be achieved rather easy by utilizing non conditional assortments of hard currency transportations. Some literatures suggest that conditional hard currency transportations are the most effectual in advancing kids ‘s human capital development. However, the justification of utilizing conditions on hard currency transportations is unfastened to debate and unfavorable judgment. Conditional hard currency transportations cut down picks for families and might non needfully reflect the pending demands people have. Even though conditional hard currency transportations can be introduced to hike weak demand in instruction, an apprehension of state of affairss taking to less than expected ingestion on instruction is required. This entails apprehension of local family economic and societal functionalities. Evidence of an addition in i nvesting in instruction under non-conditional hard currency transportation suggests that instruction is a family demand. Therefore, advancing kids ‘s instruction within the family model is most likely to be sustainable. All the same, household ingestion degrees on each demand tend to be related, complemented, or may be partly influenced by ingestion of another. Policy shapers besides need to see a web of grounds why families sometimes fail to adequately demand instruction in rural Zimbabwe. Considerations must be taken to see if hard currency transportation in its assorted signifiers can be used as a primary instrument or as a complement to other more relevant schemes particularly against a background of intensifying educational crisis. How to cite Educational Support In Rural Zimbabwe Education Essay, Essay examples

Competitive Strategy and Business Model Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy and Business Model Innovation. Answer: Introduction: Strategy is a method in an organization that improves and implements various plans to achieve the objectives and aims. Strategic management is a continuous process. According to Lasserre (2012), strategic management helps to identify the target customers and their preference. Strategy needs goals, mission statement, objectives, guide and values to check the opportunities. Goal setting help the manager to make strategic decisions like how the target can be met and larger the revenue. Goal setting helps to identify the plans to compete in the competitive and international business market (YouTube. 2016). Before applying strategy, it is necessary to know about the strength and weakness of the organization. The organization needs to analysis both the internal and external factors like competition and implementing technologies. Strategy formation The concept of strategy formation develops particular actions to enable an organization to achieve the goals. Strategy formation requires information from analysis, priorities and decision making to point out issues of the organization (Ward and Peppard 2016). Strategy implementation puts the specific strategy to meet the organizational aims. The concept is to bring together all necessary resources to bring strategic plan. The organizations should put strategies via developing programs, policies and budgets to achieve financial, HRM resources and operational aims. After implementation of strategies, it is necessary to monitor the organizational strategies. Strategy monitoring develops the determination of strategies. It is necessary to monitor the plans of working areas to measure and compare the predictable results (Lasserre 2012). By monitoring, the organizational managers are able to know that when and how they have to implement the plan to change their strategies to change the trends. Application of Key ideas: Biopharm is a renowned pharmaceutical company in Australia that is now the leading pharmaceutical organization of the world. To achieve the position in the global market, Biopharm has implemented strategies. As Biopharm is a pharmaceutical company, it is a part of health care and very profitable company in Australia. The strategic management of Biopharm helped the citizen and government of Australia. The goal of the Biopharm was to achieve the fame in international pharmaceutical market. According to Keshavan et al. (2016), the mission statement and objectives of Biopharm was very clear and the guidance provided them opportunities to achieve the goal. The goal setting helped the manger of Biopharm to create the strategic decision. The strategic management helped to meet the target and gain more profit. Strategic management helped Biopharm to identify the competitors and competitive market in global market. Before applying strategic changes, the management of Biopharm has identified t he internal and external factors to enter into the international market. The strategic management helped Biopharm to develop specific actions of the company to grab the aims. The concept of strategy implementation brought the strategic plans to an action. Biopharm achieved the strategic plan by various programs and implementation of policies. Biopharm has strong strategic management that helped the company to develop the productivity, quality and service (Lasserre 2012). Business model innovation helps to develop new concepts that support the financial viability of an organization. Financial viability includes mission, bringing process of the concepts to achievement. Key ideas of Business Model Innovation: The goal of business model is to improve product value and deliver to the particular customers. Business model innovation helps to the target customers and the offering products to the customers (YouTube, 2016). It also helps to know the creation of value proposition and the generated revenues. The four steps of Business model innovation are initiation, ideation, integration and implementation. At the initiation steps, the company needs to analyze the recent Business model to identify the target customers and offering products. Ideation steps provide idea about the product creation. The third step helps assume the basic logic of the industry and to generate idea of the result like revenues. In the last step, the company needs to implement business model innovation to get effective outcomes. As opined by Afuah (2014), an organization can take idea of business model innovation from other organization but should not copy the same model innovation. Coping business model innovation of ano ther organization can give profit but that will be temporary. Massa and Tucci (2013) suggested that when an organization plans to apply business model innovation, they need to observe the other companies that are already using the model. The company management needs to remember the soft factors of the company before applying business model innovation (YouTube. 2016). Application of Key ideas: At the beginning of 2000, Apple made changes by applying business model innovation successfully. Business model innovation gave competitive advantages to Apple. However, business model innovative has several systemic risks. This helped to stay in the competitive business market and influence the growth. Apple is the number one international innovative company that has launched the touch pad phones for the first time. Apple has various innovation strategy including stylish new products, services and features. Apple introduces the products like iPod, iTunes and iPhones. Before 2000, Apple offered just computer desktops in market. According to Massa and Tucci (2013), iPod and iTunes are music devices, which can be used to download music. iPhone was another device that made huge profit for Apple. Apple gained huge profit by innovation of iTunes and iPods. iPhone had a huge acceptation in the mobile phone market globally. It was an innovative idea to launch smart phones with touch pad. Af ter implementation of business model, the financial state of Apple also increased. It took the leading position of smart phone in the mobile market. Apple has invented new software that has strong business model. As stated by Slack (2015), new product innovation and business model innovation provided a brand new market that is 30 times bigger than the original market to Apple. Business model innovation raised the traditional shares of Apple in the computer market. Apple has successfully achieved the customer loyalty. New generation customers became attracted to iPods, iPhones and iTunes, which is very profitable to Apple. References: Afuah, A., 2014.Business model innovation: concepts, analysis, and cases. Routledge. Keshavan, M.S., Lawler, A.N., Nasrallah, H.A. and Tandon, R., 2016. New drug developments in psychosis: Challenges, opportunities and strategies.Progress in Neurobiology. Lasserre, P., 2012.Global strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan. Massa, L. and Tucci, C.L., 2013. Business model innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovafion Management, pp.420-441. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. YouTube. (2016). Business Model Innovation. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. YouTube. (2016). What is Strategy?. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016].

William Faulkner Essay Paper Example For Students

William Faulkner Essay Paper William Faulkner: His Life and Achievements William Faulkner is viewed by many as Americas greatest writer of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi where he lived a life filled with good times and bad times. However, despite bad times he would become known as a poet, a short story writer, and finally one of the greatest contemporary novelist of his time. William Faulkners accomplishments resulted not only from his love and devotion of writing, but also from family, friends, and certain uncontrollable events. William Faulkners life is an astonishing accomplishment; however, it is crucial to explore his life prior to his fixated writing career. In 1905, Faulkner entered the first grade at a tender age of eight, and immediately showed signs of talent. We will write a custom essay on William Faulkner Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He not only drew an explicitly detailed drawing of a locomotive, but he soon became an honour-roll student: His report card would show no grades below Perfect or Excellent (Blotner 21). Throughout his early education he would work conscientiously at reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic; however, he especially enjoyed drawing. His deportment at school was very high, but it was not as high as it was at home. When Faulkner got promoted to third grade, skipping the second grade, he was asked by his teacher what he wanted to be when he grew up, and he replied, I want to be a writer just like my great granddaddy (Blotner 23). At last, (in 1914) Faulkner took interest in poetry, but no one in Oxford could tell him what to do with his poems. Meanwhile, Faulkner, who is very talkative, would always entertain Katrina Carter and Estelle Oldham by telling them vividly imagined stories. Eventually, Faulkner grew very fond of Estelle in fact, if he heard her voice he would deliberately attempt to be spotted by Katrina in hopes that she asks him to join her. Estelle soon became the sole inspirer and recipient of Faulkners earlier poems. Coincidentally, a gentleman named Phil Stone would fall in love with Estelles friend, Katrina. As a result, Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poetry. So one afternoon, Stone walked to Faulkners home to get acquainted, and during his visit he received several written verses from Faulkner poetry collections: Anybody could have seen that he (Faulkner) had talentit was perfectly obvious (Blotner 44). Stone not only became Faulkners close friend, but also a mentor to the young writer at the beginning of his career. Stone immediately gave the potential poet encouragement, advice, and models for his study of literature. For example, Stone would give practice drills in punctuation, as well as lecture Faulkner on goals and grammars. Meanwhile, Faulkners main interest in school became athletics such as football and baseball, thus his grades started to deteriorate: Bill showed absolutely no interest in the education being offeredHe gazed out the windows, and answered the simplest questions with I dont know (Blotner 39). Eventually, he would quit both athletics and school altogether. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published in The New Republic. The poem is a forty-line verse with a French title that acknowledges the influence of the French Symbolist, LApres-Midi dun Faune. In September, Faulkner would enroll in the University of Mississippi, and during his academic years it did not deter him from writing more poems. The Mississippian, the student paper, published Landing in Luck by Faulkner- the story is a nine-page short story created from his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight training in 1916. He has also written several other poems such as Cathay, which is published in the Oxford Eagle and Sapphic, which is published in The Mississippian. During the summer, Faulkner became a house painter in Oxford, and in the beginning of autumn he enrolled in the University of Mississippi; however, his early pattern of school started to take toll. Faulkner began to cut classes and finally just stopped going. Although, this time he participated in a drama club called The Marionettes, and began to publish book reviews in The Mississippian. .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .postImageUrl , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:hover , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:visited , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:active { border:0!important; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:active , .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub123d9fd73a738eb116df6a981cab97b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Apollo 13 (as-508): Houston, We Have A Problem. Essay In the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to receive some professional instructions from editors and critics, since Stone was busy with his academic studies. Faulkner stayed with a man named Stark Young, where they shared an incredibly small apartment. Later, Young introduced Faulkner to Elizabeth Prall of the Doubleday bookstore to see if she wanted some help prior to the Christmas rush. Reluctantly, Prall accepted and never regretted her choice since. Faulkner made a good clerk-polite, interested, and one of the best salesman in the store All the customers fell for him like a ton of bricks (Blotner 105). During his stay in New York, Maud Faulkner and Stone became very worried about Faulkner and his financial troubles. Meanwhile, Stone immediately went to work on behalf of his friend, and soon became the Assistant District Attorney. As a result, Stone used his political powers and appeals to influence U. S. Senator Harrison to promise Faulkner a decent job as a postmaster at the university substation. Faulkners job would last him between 1922 to 1924 with an annual salary of fifteen hundred dollars. Even as postmaster, Faulkner still found time to write and publish a short prose poem The Hill, in The Mississippian. This poem was a great importance to Faulkner as it served to be the beginning of the rural setting of his future Yoknapatwpha novels, and his first objective to real life characters. As a result of friends and unexpected events, William Faulkner would soon write novels. Consequently, he realized his career faced the best of times and the worst of times. However, it became clear that his writing would eventually become his life long happiness. During the late months of June through November in 1923, there was a correspondence between Faulkner and the Four Seas Company, a publisher in Boston, concerning Faulkners manuscript entitled Orpheus and other poems. Unfortunately, the publication of the poems was futile without a financial contribution, which he was unable to provide. However, Stone helped Faulkner by writing to the Four Seas Company in hopes of offering Faulkners manuscript The Marble Faun. Reluctantly, it was accepted and by the end of the year the company published 1,000 copies of his novel, which was dedicated to Faulkners mother, and prefaced by Stone. In May, Faulkner finished the typescript for Soldiers Pay, which he sent to the publisher Horace Liveright, who gave Faulkner two hundred dollars in advanced pay. He used the money to pay for his trip to Europe. While in Paris, Faulkner began to work on the novel Elmer; unfortunately, it was never completed, but exists today in several versions. After arriving in England, Faulkner decided to go back home. Upon his arrival in New York, he immediately began his next novel Mosquitoes, which was published a year later by Boni Liveright. In September of 1927, Faulkner finished yet another novel entitled Flags in the Dust; however, it was rejected in the following month, and was returned in December. Afterward, Faulkner received the go ahead by his publishing company to send his typescript to another company, which is now Harcourt, Brace. Unfortunately, even though the novel was published, it was reduced to 110,000 words and the title Flags in the Dust was finally replaced by Sartoris instead. Within the same month, Faulkner began The Sound and the Fury, which was finished by October. The published novel soon became a critical success with only 1,789 copies. In 1928, Faulkner broke ties with Harcourt, Brace, and signed a new contract with a new publishing house of Jonathan Cape Harrison Smith, which entitled them to Faulkners new novel entitled, Sanctuary. Faulkner took the typescript and decided to correct the proofs on his honeymoon with his wife, Estelle. .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .postImageUrl , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:hover , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:visited , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:active { border:0!important; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:active , .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8 .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9af0b6d62929b26636c829a9f228bbc8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cheating Essay Finally, Faulkners novel, Sanctuary, was soon published, and in astonishment 6,457 copies were sold. As a result, Faulkner soon realized that he is now the most important figure in American letters. William Faulkner deserved every single award given to him, because of his intense love and dedication to literature. Nevertheless, it is just as important to know what he has won, as well as how he won them. Therefore, in examining and analyzing Faulkners work it will help us understand and appreciate his gift of writing. Throughout Faulkners life he has won many awards on behalf of his talent for literature, and the following are just a few of his awards: (1950) Nobel Prize for Literature, (1950) American Academys Howells Medal for Fiction, (1951) National Book Award for Fiction, (1951) Legion of Honour in New Orleans, (1955) Pulitzer Prize, (1957) Silver Medal of Greek Academy, (1962) Gold Medal for Fiction from the National Institution of Arts Letters. Even though Faulkner won all these awards, there was at least one award that had many conflicting views by many American critics. That award pertains to the Pulitzer Prize awarded to Faulkner novel, The Fable. The story takes place within a fortress city of Chaulnesmont, two days after the mutiny of a French regiment. The chief plot is set when a regiment of soldiers refused an order to fight knowing that the attack would not be successful. The theme of sacrifice is the central meaning of the novel. Is it on the grounds of military necessity or expediency, or on the grounds of personal sacrifice for some universal ideal; as a result, the main question asked is what is actually achieved by sacrifice. Several critics have pointed out the dualism that runs throughout A Fable, in which there are presence of good and evil, guilt and innocence, and bravery and fear. Despite America judging Faulkners novel as a failing accomplishment of its literary goals, A Fable was for the European readers: The most important novela literary masterpiece (Blotner 595). As we have seen, William Faulkners interest in writing was so intense that the meaning of giving up never crossed his mind. As a result, whenever he experienced hard times there would always be family and friends to aid him in his career. In any event, Faulkner proved that with great dedication and devotion anybody could achieve their goals.

Free Essays on Alternative Medicine

The sophistication of consumers in retail markets is being duplicated in the healthcare field, driven in part by patients’ disillusionment with the current state and cost of healthcare. At the same time, the costs of mainstream healthcare are increasing rapidly, and some experts believe they will double between 2003 and 2008 without some source of revolutionary change. Forward-thinking payors are adding coverage for select Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies to their benefits plans to attract customers and in some cases, reduce costs. As a result, healthcare companies today are adopting corporate strategies that focus on consumer demand that will change the industry. Employers and insurers that create benefits packages will tailor their offerings based on market segmentation and differentiation strategies to the benefit of all involved: practitioners, hospitals, and patients. This will culminate in a wider array of benefits offerings, including wellness promotion and disease prevention. The Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center will benefit from these packages. Consumers’ use of and expenditures for CAM have increased significantly in the last 13 years. The baby-boom generation has had a strong impact on this growth. Consumers from other cultures and the chronically ill are also frequent users of CAM services at the Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center. CAM use in the U.S. has grown rapidly in the last 13 years, to an estimated $82.4 billion in expenditures in 2003. For some health problems, patients use CAM therapies more than they use conventional therapies. CAM use is growing as a result of many consumers’ concerns about the adverse effects of drugs. For these patients, CAM offers a less invasive and gentler way of avoiding and managing disease than allopathic medicine. The Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center focus on the total patient experience on physical, mental, and spiritual. CAM customers also t... Free Essays on Alternative Medicine Free Essays on Alternative Medicine The sophistication of consumers in retail markets is being duplicated in the healthcare field, driven in part by patients’ disillusionment with the current state and cost of healthcare. At the same time, the costs of mainstream healthcare are increasing rapidly, and some experts believe they will double between 2003 and 2008 without some source of revolutionary change. Forward-thinking payors are adding coverage for select Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies to their benefits plans to attract customers and in some cases, reduce costs. As a result, healthcare companies today are adopting corporate strategies that focus on consumer demand that will change the industry. Employers and insurers that create benefits packages will tailor their offerings based on market segmentation and differentiation strategies to the benefit of all involved: practitioners, hospitals, and patients. This will culminate in a wider array of benefits offerings, including wellness promotion and disease prevention. The Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center will benefit from these packages. Consumers’ use of and expenditures for CAM have increased significantly in the last 13 years. The baby-boom generation has had a strong impact on this growth. Consumers from other cultures and the chronically ill are also frequent users of CAM services at the Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center. CAM use in the U.S. has grown rapidly in the last 13 years, to an estimated $82.4 billion in expenditures in 2003. For some health problems, patients use CAM therapies more than they use conventional therapies. CAM use is growing as a result of many consumers’ concerns about the adverse effects of drugs. For these patients, CAM offers a less invasive and gentler way of avoiding and managing disease than allopathic medicine. The Mind, Body and Spirit Balance Center focus on the total patient experience on physical, mental, and spiritual. CAM customers also t...

Red Barons Kills

Red Barons Kills Flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, more commonly known as the  Red Baron,  was not only one of the best pilots of World War I:  he has become an icon of the war itself. Credited with shooting down 80 enemy aircraft, the Red Baron owned the skies. His bright red airplane (a very unusual and ostentatious color for a fighting plane) brought both respect and fear. To the Germans, Richthofen was known as the Red Battle Flier and his exploits brought the German people courage as well as increased morale during the bloody years of the war. Although the Red Baron survived for much longer than most fighter pilots during World War I, he eventually met their same fate. On April 21, 1918, the day after his 80th kill, the Red Baron once again got into his red airplane and went searching for the enemy. Unfortunately, this time, it was the Red Baron who was shot down. Below is a list of the Red Barons kills. Some of these aircraft  held one and others held two people. Not all of the crew members were killed when their airplanes crashed. No. Date Type of Aircraft Location 1 Sept. 17, 1916 FE 2b near Cambrai 2 Sept. 23, 1916 Martinsyde G 100 Somme River 3 Sept. 30, 1916 FE 2b Fremicourt 4 Oct. 7, 1916 BE 12 Equancourt 5 Oct. 10, 1916 BE 12 Ypres 6 Oct. 16, 1916 BE 12 near Ypres 7 Nov. 3, 1916 FE 2b Loupart Wood 8 Nov. 9, 1916 Be 2c Beugny 9 Nov. 20, 1916 BE 12 Geudecourt 10 Nov. 20, 1916 FE 2b Geudecourt 11 Nov. 23, 1916 DH 2 Bapaume 12 Dec. 11, 1916 DH 2 Mercatel 13 Dec. 20, 1916 DH 2 Moncy-le-Preux 14 Dec. 20, 1916 FE 2b Moreuil 15 Dec. 27, 1916 FE 2b Ficheux 16 Jan. 4, 1917 Sopwith Pup Metz-en-Coutre 17 Jan. 23, 1917 FE 8 Lens 18 Jan. 24, 1917 FE 2b Vitry 19 Feb. 1, 1917 BE 2e Thelus 20 Feb. 14, 1917 BE 2d Loos 21 Feb. 14, 1917 BE 2d Mazingarbe 22 Mar. 4, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Acheville 23 Mar. 4, 1917 BE 2d Loos 24 Mar. 3, 1917 BE 2c Souchez 25 Mar. 9, 1917 DH 2 Bailleul 26 Mar. 11, 1917 BE 2d Vimy 27 Mar. 17, 1917 FE 2b Oppy 28 Mar. 17, 1917 BE 2c Vimy 29 Mar. 21, 1917 BE 2c La Neuville 30 Mar. 24, 1917 Spad VII Givenchy 31 Mar. 25, 1917 Nieuport 17 Tilloy 32 April 2, 1917 BE 2d Farbus 33 April 2, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Givenchy 34 April 3, 1917 FE 2d Lens 35 April 5, 1917 Bristol Fighter F 2a Lembras 36 April 5, 1917 Bristol Fighter F 2a Quincy 37 April 7, 1917 Nieuport 17 Mercatel 38 April 8, 1917 Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter Farbus 39 April 8, 1917 BE 2e Vimy 40 April 11, 1917 BE 2c Willerval 41 April 13, 1917 RE 8 Vitry 42 April 13, 1917 FE 2b Monchy 43 April 13, 1917 FE 2b Henin 44 April 14, 1917 Nieuport 17 Bois Bernard 45 April 16, 1917 BE 2c Bailleul 46 April 22, 1917 FE 2b Lagnicourt 47 April 23, 1917 BE 2e Mericourt 48 April 28, 1917 BE 2e Pelves 49 April 29, 1917 Spad VII Lecluse 50 April 29, 1917 FE 2b Inchy 51 April 29, 1917 BE 2d Roeux 52 April 29, 1917 Nieuport 17 Billy-Montigny 53 June 18, 1917 RE 8 Strugwe 54 June 23, 1917 Spad VII Ypres 55 June 26, 1917 RE 8 Keilbergmelen 56 June 25, 1917 RE 8 Le Bizet 57 July 2, 1917 RE 8 Deulemont 58 Aug. 16, 1917 Nieuport 17 Houthulster Wald 59 Aug. 26, 1917 Spad VII Poelcapelle 60 Sept. 2, 1917 RE 8 Zonebeke 61 Sept. 3, 1917 Sopwith Pup Bousbecque 62 Nov. 23, 1917 DH 5 Bourlon Wood 63 Nov. 30, 1917 SE 5a Moevres 64 Mar. 12, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Nauroy 65 Mar. 13, 1918 Sopwith Camel Gonnelieu 66 Mar. 18, 1918 Sopwith Camel Andigny 67 Mar. 24, 1918 SE 5a Combles 68 Mar. 25, 1918 Sopwith Camel Contalmaison 69 Mar. 26, 1918 Sopwith Camel Contalmaison 70 Mar. 26, 1918 RE 8 Albert 71 Mar. 27, 1918 Sopwith Camel Aveluy 72 Mar. 27, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Foucacourt 73 Mar. 27, 1918 Bristol Fighter F 2b Chuignolles 74 Mar. 28, 1918 Armstrong Whitworth FK 8 Mericourt 75 April 2, 1918 FE 8 Moreuil 76 April 6, 1918 Sopwith Camel Villers-Bretonneux 77 April 7, 1918 SE 5a Hangard 78 April 7, 1918 Spad VII Villers-Bretonneux 79 April 20, 1918 Sopwith Camel Bois-de-Hamel 80 April 20, 1918 Sopwith Camel Villers-Bretonneux

The Doctrine of the Church Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Doctrine of the Church - Research Paper Example Why are you so downcast, O my soul? Why do you sign within me? Hope in God! For I shall again be thanking him, in the presence of my savior and my God.† (Psalm 41:5-6). Through these two biblical passages, we can conclude that God intended for the people to set one day aside for His worship, a day in which there can be no other distractions. God also encouraged the people to assemble in a â€Å"procession to the house of God,† in order to give thanks and to lift the soul - for hope in God, and thanksgiving in the presence of God, with others in a throng, is the antidote to a downcast soul. God clearly intended that the people not forget Him, which is why He instructed the people to set aside a day to remember him each week, and the encouragement to assemble, both in the Hebrews passage and the Psalm passage shows that assembly is the chosen way to remember Him. The Lord also meant for the assemblies to be a way for people to gather together to â€Å"arouse one another to charity and good works.† (Hebrews 10:24). This is the first part of the epistle in which the Lord exhorts the people to not forsake assemblage. The Lord clearly wants us to be mindful of charity and good works for others, and He clearly intends that the assemblage be a way for people to gather together to arouse one another to perform these works. This is one of His intentions for these assemblies, along with remembering and worshiping Him and giving Him thanks. Hebrews 10:25 also contained the phrase â€Å"and this all the more as you see the Day drawing near.† (Hebrews 10:25).  

Sulfur recovery processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sulfur recovery processes - Essay Example gas treatment system, where the effluent gases that remain from the purification process are used to oxidize sulfur into sulfur dioxide, instead of being released to the atmosphere to cause pollution. Most significant is that this process yields high quality sulfur, making it a good source of this valuable chemical (Kohl & Nielsen, 1997). However, the air pollution controls that have been put in place have made the Claus process even more expensive, since some installations that prevent air pollution have to be made, despite the fact that they may not be economical at all. The problem of Claus Process is added to, by the fact that it is unable to fully convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur, due to some equilibrium limitations. Therefore, no matter how well the emission of sulfur compound is controlled, the process ends-up releasing relatively high quantities of the air pollutant than is actually acceptable (Kohl, 1997). Thus, most of the times, the process requires to be supplemented with specific processes meant to remove the sulfur residue, which ensures that any excess sulfur emission from the process is cleaned-up. Claus process occurs in two forms, referred to as the straight-through process and the split-flow process. The processes are differentiated by the fact that, while in the straight-through process gas is fed through the reaction furnace, it is fed directly into the major catalytic reactor through bypassing the furnace, in the split-flow process (Kohl & Nielsen, 1997). The choice of the process to be used between these two sulfur purification processes depends on the content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas to be purified, and whether the gas contains hydrocarbons. If the gas to be purified contains hydrocarbons, then, the straight-through process is opted for, while the split-flow process is applied where the gas does not contain large quantities of hydrocarbons (Kohl, 1997). There are some fundamental aspects of the Claus process that should

Starbucks Strategy Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Strategy Essay Starbuck’s Coffee is a multi-billion dollar company. It was founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. It was a single store located in the Park Place Market area of Seattle. The idea started with three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel, and Gordon Bowker. They opened a small shop and began selling fresh-roasted, gourmet coffee beans and brewing and roasting accessories. The company’s total revenue for 2013 was $14.8 Billion Dollars. Today, they have more than 21,000 stores in 65 countries and is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. The company expects to expand to more countries and open more stores in the future. In this paper, I will discuss Starbucks Organizational Culture that has led to its phenomenal success, the effects of managements’ decisions on the company, the one key management competency of the company, and the success of the current CEO and whether Starbucks would be successful without him. Starbucks has many key elements in its cultural organization that has led to its phenomenal success. Some of these organizational cultures include: Legendary service, diversity, organizational structure, and organizational ethics. In today’s society a company must have adaptable organizational cultures in order to be successful. One of the major reasons that Starbucks has maintained its ability to be successful is that it maintains the ethical culture within its organization. The company’s business Ethics and compliance programs has helped the partners (employees) in taking ethical business decisions as it provides guidelines in the Standard Business Conduct, which help partners make ethical decisions. Starbucks is committed to providing legendary customer service, they even hired an cultural anthropologist, Barbara Perry, to help strengthen its foundations for customer care. (Schreiner, 2011). Starbucks has three ways in which it provides legendary service, they include: knowing the Running head: Starbucks’ Strategy  customer, decreasing wait time, and being on the customer’s side. Legendary services offered by Starbucks include: giving the customers respect by knowing their name and type of drink, reducing wait time by acknowledging a customer and keeping the line moving and finally being on the customer’s side. Starbucks diversity and inclusion are a central part of Starbuck’s corporate strategy. It embraces diversity as an essential component in the way they do business. Twenty-four percent of the top corporate officers are women. Thirteen percent of the top executives are people of color. The most impressive statistic of Starbucks is the company’s continued commitment to its supplier- diversity program, which tracks spending with minority-and women owned businesses. The projected spending with these companies is expected to jump to $140 million dollars this year. Organizational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization (Schreiner, 2011). Starbucks does not operate under a franchise, however, they do license storefronts. Even though the stores are licensed storefronts, they are still controlled by Starbucks Headquarters. It overseas all of its stores and this allows for more control over how the individual stores are run. It leaves little room for stores not to performing according to company guidelines. Organizational ethics is the way an organization should respond to external and internal environments (Schreiner, 2011). Starbucks is considered one of the world’s most ethical companies (Screiner, 2011). The company makes a conscience effort to be a responsible company and conducts their business in an eithical manner. It uses its resources, such as; community, sourcing, environment, diversity and wellness. It openly displays its commitment to being a socially responsible company by letting the customers know what  they are doing and displays their mission Running head: statement in each store, prints facts on its coffee cups and puts information on its company’s website. Starbucks as earned this reputation through its actions in all phases of its business and live out the commitment through both its mission statement and values. Starbucks has business ethics program that is used to protect its Missions’ Culture. It is used to assist the partners to make ethical decision at their jobs. The decisions of the management and its choices for the company has a tremendous effect on employees, customers and the business. Starbucks has created an environment that is very relaxing to customers. It is a one of a kind coffee shop. There is no other coffee shop of this kind. Everything within the Starbuck’s environment is relaxing, calming and tension relieving. They make it the perfect comfort zone. One key management competency that Starbucks manager is like to have is Leadership Abilities. An individual must have great leadership skill in order to lead others. Leadership is the Process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task (Schreiner. 2011). There are very few people that can become leaders. It takes a very special individual to become a leader. Leaders lead in ways that serve the greater good of the organization. Starbucks demonstrates servant leadership and goes beyond the needs of its customers to the needs of the community. At Starbucks, the company’s values and missions are inspiring. They always put customers first. They empower their partners and help develop their full personal capacities. Starbucks help develop their partners to also demonstrate servant leadership. The partners feel far more committed to this company and their values and mission. When the individual that run companies show concern, respect and care for their employees Running head: they get better performance from them. It can clearly be seen that Starbucks Leadership is exceptional, they take the time to understand the needs of their employees. Many can see the difference in the Leadership of company’s such as Wal-Mart and McDonald’s. They have poor Leadership skills. They do not respect their employees. The employees of Wal-Mart and McDonald’s do not respect their jobs, because leadership is bad. If they respected their employees, then one would not always see the protest for more wages, benefits and hors. It is clear that Starbucks is doing something correct. There has never been any protest of kind with Starbucks. Other company’s should follow the Leadership Skill of Starbucks. Starbucks most likely would not maintain its long term sustainability without its current CEO, Howard Shultz. Howard Shultz has been the CEO of Starbucks since 1987. As the CEO of Starbucks, Howard Shultz made changes to the company at the beginning, that help set the path to its success today. The first change was to turn Starbucks into a coffee bar. He came up with this idea after vacationing in Italy and sitting at a coffee bar in Milan, Italy. He saw that it was a place where the coffee shop played an intregal role in the social life of most of the Italians (Wong, 2013). It was a focal point for the neighborhood, where friends met, mingled and stayed all hours of the day. Hence, this became the idea for Starbucks coffee. They later opened their first coffee bar in Seattle, Washington. He also introduced exotic coffee beverages such as espresso, cappuccino, cafà ©-latte, iced coffee and cafà ©-mocha. This was the first coffee shop to introduce these types of coffees. He also made the atmosphere clean, well-lighted, where people could relax and enjoy their coffee in comfort. The most effective change that Shultz made to Starbucks brand was to change the way the company delt with its employees, he implemented an crucial company employment training Running head: program. Starbucks is aware that the employee can make or break your company. Shultz stated that â€Å"friendly, effective service would boost sales (Wong, 2013). He instituted a training program designed to groom knowledgeable employees who would enjoy working behind a counter. â€Å"Service is a lost art in America. It’s not viewed as a professional job to work behind a counter† says Shultz. We don’t believe that. We want to provide our people with dignity and self-esteem, so we offer tangible benefits†Ã‚  (Wong, 2013). Some of the benefits Starbucks offer are complete health insurance for both full and part-time workers and stock options. During a brief 8 year hiatus, Starbucks had a new CEO Jim Donald. During this time Starbucks stocks dropped to 42% and they closed more than 700 stores and layed off more than 700 employees. After this downfall of the company, they re-instated Howard Shultz as CEO. He has made changes to the company that has made it more successful. These include calling their employees partners instead of employees, redesigned stores, introduced breakfast foods, implemented luxuries such as charging stations and Wi-Fi and most of all, he more than doubled the number of stores opened since he was reinstated as CEO. It can be seen that Starbucks would not be as successful today without the current CEO, Howard Shultz. Most other companies can take a good example from this Leader. References Daft, R. (2012). Management (10th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Schreiner, E. (2011). Starbucks and Its Orgaizational Design. SmallbusinessWong, V. (2013). Starbucks takes Over Your Life, Boots Sales. Businessweek.

The Use of Symbolism in Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of t

The Use of Symbolism in Golding's Lord of the Flies    "His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggy's arms and legs twitched a bit like a pig after it has been killed" (217). This is what can happen to someone when all signs of civilization, order and power disappear and have no more meaning to members of a group or society. In the writing of William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1954), the symbol of power and civilization is the conch. Once that is lost, all bets are off. When the novel begins, two boys are talking about what has happened and why they are on this island. While walking on the beach, the main character Ralph then proceeds to find a shell which the two boys call the conch. Blowing on this shell Ralph calls a meeting where the boys lay out rules and decide they need a signal fire to be rescued from this island on which there are no adults and no females. During the meeting Jack, a choir boy, decides to organize a group of hunters to hunt for food. As the story progresses, Ralph finds himself and Jack to be enemi es. Then the "lord of the flies" begins to emerge within the group, many of whom begin to take on savage behavior, and end up killing Simon. Jack then decides to go and start his own tribe; he and a lot of the others do so. Even as the conflict increases between the two rivals, there is ongoing respect for the conch. The same savages later kill the character Piggy who was not doing anything to them except trying to get his glasses back that were stolen to make the fire. Then they try to kill Ralph; however, in the end all are rescued before they are ever able to reach Ralph. Throughout the story, civilization is being more and more withdrawn from the boys' consciousness, and yet the conch has th... ...the end the conch is destroyed and all hope seems to be lost for the one called Ralph. The conch is all the power he has, but it is killed along with Piggy. Fortunately for Ralph, the boys don't get to kill anymore, for another symbol of civilization, an adult, arrives to replace the power of the conch on their island. The adult asks what is going on and if there are any dead. The conch, which had the power to unify and civilize this abandoned society for a short while, proved to be ineffective and powerless. Just as it was an empty, lifeless shell, which contained no life, it could not bring life and order to the world of these lost boys. It took a living symbol, another human, to rescue and restore sanity to those who survived this island experience.    Work Cited Golding, William. The Lord of the Flies. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Inc., 1962

Fashion theory -roland barth

Roland Farther and the End of the Nineteenth Century Roland Farther was a French philosopher, linguistic, critic and theorist. He was also the first begins systematically to think through the intellectual changes in the study of fashion and clothes. His fashion theory has a close relationship to his structuralism and linguistic knowledge, and defined fashion, clothes their origins and functions within the system. First of all, Farther saw fashion as a whole system. Based on the article, system has been defined as ‘a group or set of related materials or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole.Fashion as a sort of system, has the features of that parts cannot be explained without interpreting the relationship to the whole system. Also, fashion is should be explained by other dimensions in the society too, such as social facts, and so on. So, he summarized the thoughts like fashion system is the totality of social relations and activities that are required for fashion t o come into existence'. He pointed out the systematic society relies on structured human activities, and human economic activities can be divided in three dimensions: Production, strutting and consumption.Respectively, he divided ‘garments' in three dimensions based on the theory: firstly, ‘real garments', which corresponds to the dimension of production; ‘represented garments', corresponds to the dimension of distribution; ‘used garments', relates to the dimension of consumption. So, fashionable garments are not belong to the real garments, instead they are representative garments since they are in the realm of distribution that producers want to ensure that the garments are satisfied the demand of consumers.Followed y the explanation, the chapter focused on the introduction of the three dimensions of garments. Real clothes, which arises to indicate the modality clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of representation. They do not represen t anything, so Farther defined the real clothes as an object like a prototype. The represented garments can be separated into image clothing and written clothing, which belongs to two systems: system of image and the system of language. He took the example of a fashion magazine that uses each of the two systems to descriptor a cushion garment.He concluded that language is a more powerful system because it more readily renders the physical substance of the ‘real garment' into a set of common, abstract signifier. In addition, image and language has different functions. According to Farther, image clothing provides the potential users with a stencil of the real garment and inflects there traces of real garments in an aesthetic direction while language translated the garments into a system of abstract and intellective meaning and it is closer to the nature of true fashionable garments'.In the other word, loathes have more similarities with language than image, because they are two models of communication. His thoughts included a lot of philosophies from formal chapters, which discuss clothes through sociology and history. Farther admits that clothing is a social phenomenon and seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present for, because of their past. It is also notable that Farther not agreed with the idea that the origin of clothes is decoration. He thoughts this question should be explained from the aspects of systematic.Farther thoughts was highly structured eased on his field. Also, he emphasized the function of language probably because his study on linguistic. It is interesting that in this article I saw more about his structuralism theories from the example of clothing. Highlights of the Article Farther who first begins systematically to think through the intellectual changes that would eventually amount to a ‘paradigm change' in the study of clothes and fashion. Breather's reputation as a fashion thinker' rests mainly upon the docto rate that never was, The Fashion System.The books opening section titled ‘Introduction: Method' is a impressive and lucid demonstration of his methodological approach to the question What is fashion?. System, defined as ‘a group or set of related or associated material or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole', lay at the heart of the revolution that swept through French intellectual life after the Second World War and one which has come to be known by the generic term ‘structuralism'. ‘System', ‘structure' and totality are all closely related terms intended to signify.They (structuralisms) insist that the whole and the parts can be properly explained only in arms of the relations that exist between the parts. The key assumption at work is the idea that any social fact', such as fashion, should not be regarded as something having a singular identity. The central thrust of the idea of ‘system' is to carefully sort out the differential components of fashion and then see how the complex network of relationships' can Join together these different dimensions into a dynamic whole. Systematic is the process of bringing together different elements into relationships of mutual dependency.The fashion system is the totality of social relations and activities that are required for fashion to come into existence. ‘System', therefore, is a way of conceiving of human existence as something in which a structured collective being precedes, and provides the foundation for, individual being, and this has steadily become a central organizing principle of Western thought. Human action is ‘structured' into patterned networks. In order that the necessities of life be secured and so ensure that social life and the life of the individual will continue, humans have to act in an organized, collective manner.Human economic activity came to be en as comprising of three dimensions. Production – what ensures that stuff gets made; Distribution – what ensures that what is made reaches the people who need it; Consumption – the ways in which what is made is used up. Farther saw the analytical possibilities of extending this model of production, distribution and consumption to social institutions other than economic ones, in particular to dimensions of social life such as art and culture. The first of these distinctions separates clothing into three garments'. These he calls the real garment', the represented garment' and the used garment'.The ‘real garment' corresponds to the dimension of production, the ‘represented garment' corresponds to the dimension of distribution, while the ‘used garment' corresponds to the dimension of consumption. The implication of this is that consumers never encounter the ‘real garment'. What they encounter is the fashionable garment, the garment that is already in the realm of representation. Breather's concept of the revised category of the real garment' arises to indicate the modality clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of representation.The ‘real garment' is something like a ‘prototype' – that is, the object before it is named. The final distinction made by Farther is in the central category of ‘represented clothing, which he separates into ‘image-clothing and Written clothing. Language, on the other hand, Farther considers to be a ‘purer, more powerful code for the production of meaning because it more readily renders the physical substance of the ‘real garment' into a set of common, abstract signifier. It is clear that image-clothing and written clothing have different functions within representation.Image-clothing provides the potential user with a ‘stencil' of the real garment and, at the same time, inflects these traces of the real garment in an aesthetic direction. Material stuff is being turned into language. The garment is being transl ated into a system of abstract, intellective meanings and it is this final modality of the garment that Farther sees as the true fashionable garment'. In other words, clothing is a social phenomenon. By this he meaner the tendency among previous writers to regard not Just clothes, but social life in general, as a collection of individual traits', each with its own evolutionary pathway into the present.Clothing, in this model, is seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present form because of their past. Farther rejects the conclusion that it is decoration which is the chief motive for clothing. The tendency of all bodily covering to insert itself into an organized, formal and normative system, which is recognized by society. If we are set on explaining the origins of clothing, we have to include in that explanation an account of the coming into being of that aspect of the phenomenon that is collective, organized, formal and normative.Clothing seems to resemble language in a number of ways. Like language, clothing was pre-eminently a collective activity. His final move was of a more general nature and this was to categorize clothes as a mode of communication. Clothes are always a combination of a specific signifier and a general signified that is external to it (epoch, country, social class). The most influential of Brander's methodological advances is his separation of the historical time continuum into three distinct sorts of durations. Clothing does not ‘reflect' anything but it may react in its own way to an external disturbance.

The Impact of Popular Culture in Our Lives

As the number of users, young or old people round the world grows; It Is Important to know the causes that have made Faceable so phenomenon In our lives. Among the various ways by which FEB.. Has come to possess our lives, we are going to talk about relationship, business and online gaming. First, Faceable Is so popular because It Is an excellent way to establish friendship and create a friends' circle around the world. It is not only used to create relationship, but it allows people or friends to stay in communication.With its features like instant online chat and now Video calling, Faceable makes friendship more interesting at no cost all. In addition to its great benefit, Faceable is a platform where we can create, personalize and manage our own profile. FEB.. Has improved the way society communicate by dismantling the barrier and creating an environment of openness (Fletcher Dan and Andrea Ford, 1). We can share any event of our life by posting pictures, comments, and video. Face able also gives us the chance to react to the post of friends by commenting the posted event.As a social website, it is a best way to retrieve old friends seen longtime ago. FEB.. Is a space which allows us to keep in touch with our friends and family members no matter the distance (Breed Conrad, www. Dedication. Ca). For example a family member travels to another place where it is difficult to coordinate the difference of time, therefore, it is hard to have phone conversation or text. Nowadays Faceable gives us the chance to stay in touch. With the development of internet, electronics devices like smartness and tablets, we can share and report our feelings, our life's event at any time and from any part of the world.Another way Faceable boosts relationship is for example when students create a group for studying purpose. Through this link, students can stay connected ND share any information on their project, home works, weekly assignments, exams and due date. Next, FEB.. Is not on ly used to create relationship, but people can also use It to do business. Business may enjoy Faceable for many reasons . Small or big business can lower marketing expenses by using FEB.. Pages and also allow people to upload pictures, video and leave comments from business.This may be a powerful way to communicate with customers, Glenn the chance to see the product or service expectations without having to vaults the office. Also the function â€Å"share or tag† can be used to promote business around the world (N. P. , www. Business. SLD. Gob. AU/ page, and then invite friends or existent customers to share or tag it. Each shared image will appear on a Faceable members' pages where their friends can see it too. By the end of posting day, the image or picture can be seen five hundred to thousand times.Faceable is a base of customers of more than one thousand millions around the world. Business activities which were extremely expensive prior Faceable, can be used on Faceable f or free or at least for a small contribution. Faceable page is a space where any business can publicize their name, address and contact details, and rotary their products and services. Business organizations can present their staff, history, or any other aspect of their activities that can attract other Faceable users and create interest (N. P. , www. Business. SLD. Gob/business).Finally, Faceable is becoming one of the most enamored platform for online gaming. It is an amazing website that provides an exciting and stimulating platform of online free games for its members 24 hours a day. Play online games with friends, share scores and sometimes give points to rescue them is one of the interesting thing that Faceable offers to its members. Nowadays, Feb.. Online gaming has surprisingly exploded. The number of players grows at the same rate as the Faceable users' number. Some people only login in Faceable to play games and spend times.The users who play games monthly on faceable. Com are up to 250 million (Breed Conrad, www. Dedication. Ca). The success of Faceable game application makes games developers to link their product to Faceable. To emphasize online social interactions with others players, Faceable tends to focus games (Breed Conrad, maw. ‘. Addiction. Ca). Among Faceable games, some games like Yoga's Diamond Dash, Pet Saga Rescue, Zingy, city Vile are most attractive. For example in â€Å"October 2013, members were directed to Diamond Dash app over 19 million times† (Mike Thompson, www insignificance. Mom). In conclusion, Faceable is a mean used by any type of people from anywhere in the world. Feb.. Gives us a chance to do many interesting things like creating relationship, doing business and having fun by playing games as well. Even if FEB.. Has dismantled any culture barriers, it is important to underline that Faceable has possessed our lives. Today, many people cannot spend an entire day without logging in FEB.. . The question is how to use Faceable without making us dumber or addicts. Brent Conrad. â€Å"Why is Faceable so Addictive?

Founding of Connecticut Colony

Founding of Connecticut Colony The founding of the Connecticut colony began in 1636 when the Dutch established the first trading post on the Connecticut River valley in what is now the town of Hartford. The move into the valley was part of a general movement out of the Massachusetts colony. By the 1630s, the population in and around Boston had grown so dense that settlers began to spread out throughout southern New England, concentrating their settlements along navigable river valleys such as those in Connecticut. Founding Fathers The man credited as the founder of Connecticut was Thomas Hooker, an English yeoman and clergyman born in 1586, at Marfield in Leicester, England. He was educated at Cambridge, where he received a Bachelors in 1608 and a Masters in 1611. He was one of the most learned and powerful preachers of both old and New England and was the minister of Esher, Surrey, between 1620–1625. He was the lecturer at St. Marys Church at Chelmsford in Essex from 1625–1629. Hooker was also a nonconformist Puritan, who was targeted for suppression by the English government under Charles I and was forced to retire from Chelmsford in 1629. He fled to Holland, where other exiles had sought refuge. The First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, wrote to Hooker as early as 1628 or 1629, asking him to come to Massachusetts. In 1633, Hooker sailed for North America. By October, he was made pastor at Newtown (now Cambridge) on the Charles River in the Massachusetts colony. By May of 1634, Hooker and his congregation at Newtown petitioned to leave for Connecticut. In May 1636, they were allowed to go, and they were provided a commission by the General Court of Massachusetts. Hooker, his wife, and his congregation left Boston and drove 160 cattle southward, founding the river towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield. By 1637, there were almost 800 people in the new colony of Connecticut. New Governance in Connecticut The new Connecticut colonists used Massachusetts civil and ecclesiastical law to set up their initial government. Most people who came to the American colonies came as indentured servants or commons. According to English law, it was only after a man had paid or worked off his contract that he could apply to become a member of the church and own lands. Freemen were men who had all the civil and political rights under a free government, including the right to vote. In Connecticut, whether a man was indentured or not, if he entered the colony as a free person, he had to wait over a one- to two-year probationary period, during which he was closely observed to make sure he was an upright Puritan. If he passed the test, he could be accepted as a freeman. If not, he could be forced to leave the colony. Such a man could be an admitted inhabitant but was only able to vote after the General Court accepted him to freemanship. Only 229 men were admitted as freemen in Connecticut between 1639 and 1662. Towns in Connecticut By 1669, there were 21 towns on the Connecticut River. The four main communities were Hartford (established 1651), Windsor, Wethersfield, and Farmington. Together they had a total population of 2,163, including 541 adult males. Only 343 were freemen. That year, the New Haven colony was brought under the Connecticut colonys governance. Other early towns included Lyme, Saybrook, Haddam, Middletown, Killingworth, New London, Stonington, Norwich, Stratford, Fairfield, and Norwalk. Significant Events From 1636 to 1637, the Pequot War was fought between the settlers in Connecticut and the Pequot Indians. By the end of the war, the Pequot Indians were decimated.The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were created in 1639. Many believe that this written Constitution would become the basis for the later United States Constitution.The Colony Charter was accepted in 1662.King Philips (the Wampanoag leader Metacomet) War, in 1675, was the result of increasing tensions between Native Americans and Europeans in southern New England.The Connecticut colony signed the Declaration of Independence in October 1776.

Biography of Alice Paul, Womens Suffrage Activist

Biography of Alice Paul, Women's Suffrage Activist Alice Paul (January 11, 1885–July 9, 1977) was a leading figure responsible for the final push and success in winning passage of the 19th Amendment (womens suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution. She is identified with the more radical wing of the womens suffrage movement that later developed. Fast Facts: Alice Paul Known For: Alice Paul was one of the leaders of the womens suffrage movement and continued to work for womens rights throughout the first half of the 20th centuryBorn: January 11, 1885 in Mount Laurel, New JerseyParents: Tacie Parry and William PaulDied: July 9, 1977 in Moorestown, New JerseyEducation: Bachelors Degree from Swarthmore University; Masters Degree from Columbia University; Ph.D.  from the University of Pennsylvania; Law Degree from American UniversityPublished Works: Equal Rights AmendmentAwards and Honors:  Posthumously inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in and the New Jersey Hall of Fame; had stamps and coins created in her imageNotable Quote: There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it. Early Life Alice Paul was born in Moorestown, New Jersey, in 1885. Her parents raised her and her three younger siblings as Quakers. Her father, William M. Paul, was a successful businessman, and her mother, Tacie Parry Paul, was active in the Quaker (Society of Friends) movement.  Tacie Paul was a descendant of William Penn and William Paul was a descendant of the Winthrop family, both early leaders in Massachusetts.  William Paul died when Alice was 16 years old, and a more conservative male relative, asserting leadership in the family, caused some tensions with the familys more liberal and tolerant ideas. Alice Paul  attended Swarthmore College, the same institution her mother had attended as one of the first women educated there.  She majored in biology at first but developed an interest in social sciences.  Paul then went to work at the New York College Settlement, while attending the New York School of Social Work for a year after graduating from Swarthmore in 1905.   Alice Paul left for England in 1906 to work in the settlement house movement for three years. She studied first at a Quaker school and then at the University of Birmingham. While in England, Paul was exposed to the suffragist movement in progress, which had a profound impact on her direction in life. She  returned to America to get her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1912).  Her dissertation was on womens legal status. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party In England, Alice Paul had taken part in more radical protests for womens suffrage, including participating in the hunger strikes. She worked with the Womens Social and Political Union. She brought back this sense of militancy, and back in the U.S. she organized protests and rallies and was imprisoned three times. Alice Paul joined and became chair of a major committee (congressional) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) within a year, in her mid-20s. A year later in 1913, however, Alice Paul and others withdrew from the NAWSA to form the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Paul and her supporters believed that the NAWSA was too conservative and that a more radical approach was needed to push forward the agenda of womens suffrage. Pauls new organization evolved into the National Womans Party (NWP), and Alice Pauls leadership was key to this organizations founding and future. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party emphasized working for a federal constitutional amendment for suffrage. Their position was at odds with the position of the NAWSA, headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, which was to work state-by-state as well as at the federal level. Despite the often intense acrimony between the National Womans Party and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the two groups tactics complemented each other.  NAWSAs taking more deliberate action to win suffrage in elections meant that more politicians at the federal level had a stake in keeping women voters happy. The NWPs militant stance kept the issue of womens suffrage at the forefront of the political world. Winning Womens Suffrage Alice Paul, as the leader of the NWP, took her cause to the streets. Following the same approach as her English compatriots, she put together pickets, parades, and marches, including a very large event in Washington, DC, on March 3, 1913. Eight thousand women marched down Pennsylvania Avenue with banners and floats, cheered and jeered by tens of thousands of onlookers. Just two weeks later, Pauls group met with newly-elected President Woodrow Wilson, who told them that their time had not yet come. In response, the group embarked on an 18-month period of picketing, lobbying, and demonstrations. More than 1,000 women stood at the gates of the White House each day, displaying signs as the silent sentinels. The result was that many of the picketers were arrested and jailed for months. Paul arranged a hunger strike, which led to intense publicity for her cause. In 1928, Woodrow Wilson succumbed and announced his support for womens votes. Two years later, womens suffrage was the law. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) After the 1920 victory for the federal amendment, Paul became involved in the struggle to introduce and pass an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The Equal Rights Amendment was finally passed by Congress in 1970 and sent to the states to ratify. However, the number of states necessary never ratified  the ERA within the specified time limit, and the amendment failed. Paul continued her work into her later years, earning a law degree in 1922 at Washington College, and then going on to earn a Ph.D. in law at American University. Death Alice Paul died in 1977 in New Jersey, after the heated battle for the Equal Rights Amendment brought her once more to the forefront of the American political scene. Legacy Alice Paul was one of the primary forces behind the passage of the 19th Amendment, a major and lasting achievement. Her influence continues today through the Alice Paul Institute, which states on its website: The Alice Paul Institute educates the public about the life and work of Alice Stokes Paul (1885-1977), and offers heritage and girls’ leadership development programs at Paulsdale, her home and a National Historic Landmark. Alice Paul led the final fight to get women the vote and wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. We honor her legacy as a role model of leadership in the continuing quest for equality. Sources Alicepaul.org, Alice Paul Institute. Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921-1929. State University of New York Press, 2002. Lunardini, Christine A. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Womans Party, 1910-1928. American Social Experience, iUniverse, April 1, 2000.